{"title":"Kurz and Allison","description":"\u003ch1 data-start=\"170\" data-end=\"202\"\u003eThe Battles of the Civil War\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"203\" data-end=\"251\"\u003eKurz \u0026amp; Allison Chromolithographs (1886–1891)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"253\" data-end=\"646\"\u003eThe Velvet Foundation for the Arts holds a curated group of original late 19th-century chromolithographs from the celebrated Civil War battle series published by Kurz \u0026amp; Allison of Chicago between 1886 and 1891. These monumental prints were issued as part of a bound portfolio titled \u003cem data-start=\"536\" data-end=\"562\"\u003eBattles of the Civil War\u003c\/em\u003e and remain among the most visually powerful examples of American chromolithography.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"648\" data-end=\"1020\"\u003eProduced only two decades after the war’s conclusion, these works represent one of the earliest large-scale efforts to visually memorialize the conflict for a national audience. Rather than functioning as documentary reportage, the images present panoramic, theatrical interpretations of pivotal engagements — emphasizing heroism, momentum, sacrifice, and national memory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1022\" data-end=\"1541\"\u003eEach print was created using multi-stone chromolithography, a demanding process requiring numerous individual limestone plates to build layered color and tonal depth. The resulting surfaces display rich pigment saturation, matte absorption into heavy wove paper, and complex color registration characteristic of late 19th-century industrial fine printing. Under magnification, lithographic crayon textures and overlapping pigment passes are visible — distinguishing these works from later photomechanical reproductions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1543\" data-end=\"1609\"\u003eThe VLAF holdings include depictions of major engagements such as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1611\" data-end=\"1934\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1611\" data-end=\"1635\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1613\" data-end=\"1635\"\u003eBattle of Gettysburg\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1636\" data-end=\"1661\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1638\" data-end=\"1661\"\u003eBattle of Chattanooga\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1662\" data-end=\"1690\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1664\" data-end=\"1690\"\u003eBattle of Fredericksburg\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1691\" data-end=\"1712\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1693\" data-end=\"1712\"\u003eBattle of Atlanta\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1713\" data-end=\"1735\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1715\" data-end=\"1735\"\u003eSiege of Vicksburg\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1736\" data-end=\"1766\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1738\" data-end=\"1766\"\u003eBattle of Chancellorsville\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1767\" data-end=\"1793\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1769\" data-end=\"1793\"\u003eBattle of Spotsylvania\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1794\" data-end=\"1821\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1796\" data-end=\"1821\"\u003eBattle of Champion Hill\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1822\" data-end=\"1849\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1824\" data-end=\"1849\"\u003eAssault on Fort Sanders\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1850\" data-end=\"1880\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1852\" data-end=\"1880\"\u003eBattle of Missionary Ridge\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1881\" data-end=\"1934\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1883\" data-end=\"1934\"\u003eThe naval engagement between Monitor and Merrimac\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1936\" data-end=\"2254\"\u003eCollectively, these prints form a vivid visual archive of American historical imagination in the Gilded Age. Their dramatic staging, densely layered figure groupings, and sweeping landscapes reflect the period’s appetite for grand narrative imagery — bridging fine art, popular print culture, and national myth-making.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2256\" data-end=\"2539\"\u003eToday, the Kurz \u0026amp; Allison battle series is recognized both for its historical significance and for its technical achievement in chromolithographic production. The VLAF group preserves these works as material documents of memory, printmaking innovation, and postwar American identity.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"kurz-amp-allison-battle-of-gettysburg","title":"Kurz and Allison — Battle of Gettysburg","description":"\u003ch2 data-start=\"6421\" data-end=\"6461\"\u003eKurz \u0026amp; Allison — Battle of Gettysburg\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6463\" data-end=\"6658\"\u003eDate: 1884 (copyrighted 1884 by Kurz \u0026amp; Allison; later portfolio issue)\u003cbr data-start=\"6533\" data-end=\"6536\"\u003eMedium: Multi-stone chromolithograph on heavy wove paper\u003cbr data-start=\"6592\" data-end=\"6595\"\u003eImage Size: 20 7\/8 x 14 3\/4 in.\u003cbr data-start=\"6626\" data-end=\"6629\"\u003eSheet Size: 24 x 18 1\/2 in.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6660\" data-end=\"6897\"\u003eDescription:\u003cbr data-start=\"6672\" data-end=\"6675\"\u003eThis panoramic chromolithograph depicts the climactic July 3, 1863 engagement at Gettysburg. The composition combines foreground intensity with expansive atmospheric recession, structured through layered stone impressions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6899\" data-end=\"7054\"\u003eSky passages display organic tonal blending without mechanical halftone patterning. Overlapping pigment layers confirm traditional stone chromolithography.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"7056\" data-end=\"7077\"\u003eThe work exemplifies:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"7079\" data-end=\"7232\"\u003edramatic panoramic staging\u003cbr data-start=\"7105\" data-end=\"7108\"\u003edense, saturated color construction\u003cbr data-start=\"7143\" data-end=\"7146\"\u003ecareful multi-stone registration\u003cbr data-start=\"7178\" data-end=\"7181\"\u003elate 19th-century industrial print sophistication\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"7234\" data-end=\"7279\"\u003eProvenance:\u003cbr data-start=\"7245\" data-end=\"7248\"\u003eOriginal bound portfolio → VLAF\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"VLAF – Velvet Foundation for the Arts","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47689870082286,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0783\/5847\/9086\/files\/Battle_of_Gettysburg.webp?v=1771789692"},{"product_id":"kurz-and-allison-battle-of-atlanta","title":"Kurz and Allison — Battle of Atlanta","description":"\u003ch2 data-start=\"8082\" data-end=\"8119\"\u003eKurz \u0026amp; Allison — Battle of Atlanta\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"8121\" data-end=\"8293\"\u003eDate: 1888 (copyrighted 1888 by Kurz \u0026amp; Allison)\u003cbr data-start=\"8168\" data-end=\"8171\"\u003eMedium: Multi-stone chromolithograph on heavy wove paper\u003cbr data-start=\"8227\" data-end=\"8230\"\u003eImage Size: 20 7\/8 x 14 3\/4 in.\u003cbr data-start=\"8261\" data-end=\"8264\"\u003eSheet Size: 24 x 18 1\/2 in.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"8295\" data-end=\"8529\"\u003eDescription:\u003cbr data-start=\"8307\" data-end=\"8310\"\u003eRepresenting the July 22, 1864 engagement, this composition is structured around strong diagonals and concentrated mid-field action. Smoke and atmospheric passages are constructed through layered gray stone impressions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"8531\" data-end=\"8673\"\u003eUnder magnification, the surface reveals lithographic crayon texture and overlapping pigment passes rather than photomechanical dot screening.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"8675\" data-end=\"8694\"\u003eThe print reflects:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"8696\" data-end=\"8846\"\u003etight compositional intensity\u003cbr data-start=\"8725\" data-end=\"8728\"\u003elayered tonal construction\u003cbr data-start=\"8754\" data-end=\"8757\"\u003eclear multi-stone pigment alignment\u003cbr data-start=\"8792\" data-end=\"8795\"\u003erefined late-series chromolithographic production\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"8848\" data-end=\"8893\"\u003eProvenance:\u003cbr data-start=\"8859\" data-end=\"8862\"\u003eOriginal bound portfolio → VLAF\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"VLAF – Velvet Foundation for the Arts","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47689918611694,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0783\/5847\/9086\/files\/Battle_of_Atlanta.webp?v=1771789787"},{"product_id":"kurz-and-allison-battle-of-champion-hill-1","title":"Kurz and Allison — Battle of Champion Hill","description":"\u003ch2 data-start=\"7286\" data-end=\"7329\"\u003eKurz \u0026amp; Allison — Battle of Champion Hill\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"7331\" data-end=\"7503\"\u003eDate: 1887 (copyrighted 1887 by Kurz \u0026amp; Allison)\u003cbr data-start=\"7378\" data-end=\"7381\"\u003eMedium: Multi-stone chromolithograph on heavy wove paper\u003cbr data-start=\"7437\" data-end=\"7440\"\u003eImage Size: 20 7\/8 x 14 3\/4 in.\u003cbr data-start=\"7471\" data-end=\"7474\"\u003eSheet Size: 24 x 18 1\/2 in.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"7505\" data-end=\"7731\"\u003eDescription:\u003cbr data-start=\"7517\" data-end=\"7520\"\u003eDepicting the May 16, 1863 engagement, this work emphasizes dynamic diagonal movement and layered terrain passages. The red uniform passages reveal sequential stone applications rather than mechanical screening.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"7733\" data-end=\"7880\"\u003eThe heavy wove paper supports dense pigment absorption, producing a matte, fiber-integrated surface consistent with 19th-century chromolithography.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"7882\" data-end=\"7905\"\u003eThe print demonstrates:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"7907\" data-end=\"8028\"\u003econtrolled compositional diagonals\u003cbr data-start=\"7941\" data-end=\"7944\"\u003erich earth-tone layering\u003cbr data-start=\"7968\" data-end=\"7971\"\u003evisible lithographic grain\u003cbr data-start=\"7997\" data-end=\"8000\"\u003ecareful color registration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"8030\" data-end=\"8075\"\u003eProvenance:\u003cbr data-start=\"8041\" data-end=\"8044\"\u003eOriginal bound portfolio → VLAF\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"VLAF – Velvet Foundation for the Arts","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47689956032750,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0783\/5847\/9086\/files\/Battle_of_Champion-Hills.webp?v=1771789811"},{"product_id":"kurz-and-allison-siege-of-vicksburg","title":"Kurz and Allison — Siege of Vicksburg","description":"\u003ch2 data-start=\"8900\" data-end=\"8938\"\u003eKurz \u0026amp; Allison — Siege of Vicksburg\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"8940\" data-end=\"9112\"\u003eDate: 1888 (copyrighted 1888 by Kurz \u0026amp; Allison)\u003cbr data-start=\"8987\" data-end=\"8990\"\u003eMedium: Multi-stone chromolithograph on heavy wove paper\u003cbr data-start=\"9046\" data-end=\"9049\"\u003eImage Size: 20 7\/8 x 14 3\/4 in.\u003cbr data-start=\"9080\" data-end=\"9083\"\u003eSheet Size: 24 x 18 1\/2 in.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"9114\" data-end=\"9362\"\u003eDescription:\u003cbr data-start=\"9126\" data-end=\"9129\"\u003eDepicting the campaign culminating July 4, 1863, this work balances expansive terrain with concentrated figure groupings. Brown and ochre fields are constructed through successive stone impressions, producing nuanced tonal variation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"9364\" data-end=\"9456\"\u003ePigment absorption into the heavy sheet confirms 19th-century chromolithographic production.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"9458\" data-end=\"9476\"\u003eThe work displays:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"9478\" data-end=\"9617\"\u003ebroad compositional depth\u003cbr data-start=\"9503\" data-end=\"9506\"\u003ecareful tonal recession\u003cbr data-start=\"9529\" data-end=\"9532\"\u003emulti-stone pigment layering\u003cbr data-start=\"9560\" data-end=\"9563\"\u003ematte surface finish with visible lithographic grain\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"9619\" data-end=\"9664\"\u003eProvenance:\u003cbr data-start=\"9630\" data-end=\"9633\"\u003eOriginal bound portfolio → VLAF\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"VLAF – Velvet Foundation for the Arts","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47689959440622,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0783\/5847\/9086\/files\/Siege_of_Vicksburg.webp?v=1771789837"},{"product_id":"kurz-and-allison-assault-on-fort-sanders","title":"Kurz and Allison — Assault on Fort Sanders","description":"\u003ch2 data-start=\"582\" data-end=\"625\"\u003eKurz \u0026amp; Allison — Assault on Fort Sanders\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"627\" data-end=\"836\"\u003eDate: 1891 (copyrighted 1891 by Kurz \u0026amp; Allison)\u003cbr data-start=\"674\" data-end=\"677\"\u003eMedium: Multi-stone chromolithograph on heavy wove paper\u003cbr data-start=\"733\" data-end=\"736\"\u003eImage Size: 20 7\/8 x 14 3\/4 in.\u003cbr data-start=\"767\" data-end=\"770\"\u003eSheet Size: 24 x 18 1\/2 in.\u003cbr data-start=\"797\" data-end=\"800\"\u003ePublisher: Kurz \u0026amp; Allison, Chicago\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"838\" data-end=\"1225\"\u003eDescription:\u003cbr data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"853\"\u003eThis chromolithograph depicts the November 29, 1863 assault at Fort Sanders. The composition compresses figures into the foreground, intensifying the immediacy of the scene through tightly layered diagonals of rifles and bodies. Earth and shadow passages are built through successive pigment applications, producing dimensional depth without mechanical halftone screening.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1517\"\u003eUnder magnification, the surface reveals lithographic crayon texture and overlapping color passes, confirming traditional stone-based chromolithography. The heavy wove sheet absorbs pigment into the fibers, producing a matte, saturated finish characteristic of late 19th-century production.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1519\" data-end=\"1541\"\u003eThe work demonstrates:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1543\" data-end=\"1710\"\u003edense foreground clustering\u003cbr data-start=\"1570\" data-end=\"1573\"\u003elayered tonal modeling\u003cbr data-start=\"1595\" data-end=\"1598\"\u003ecareful multi-stone registration\u003cbr data-start=\"1630\" data-end=\"1633\"\u003eindustrial-scale historical image production with painterly surface effects\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1712\" data-end=\"1804\"\u003eProvenance:\u003cbr data-start=\"1723\" data-end=\"1726\"\u003eOriginal bound portfolio (1880s–1890s) → Velvet Foundation for the Arts (VLAF)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"VLAF – Velvet Foundation for the Arts","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47689962684654,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0783\/5847\/9086\/files\/Assault_on_Fort_Sanders.webp?v=1771789863"},{"product_id":"kurz-and-allison-battle-of-chattanooga","title":"Kurz and Allison — Battle of Chattanooga","description":"\u003ch2 data-start=\"1811\" data-end=\"1852\"\u003eKurz \u0026amp; Allison — Battle of Chattanooga\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1854\" data-end=\"2026\"\u003eDate: 1889 (copyrighted 1889 by Kurz \u0026amp; Allison)\u003cbr data-start=\"1901\" data-end=\"1904\"\u003eMedium: Multi-stone chromolithograph on heavy wove paper\u003cbr data-start=\"1960\" data-end=\"1963\"\u003eImage Size: 20 7\/8 x 14 3\/4 in.\u003cbr data-start=\"1994\" data-end=\"1997\"\u003eSheet Size: 24 x 18 1\/2 in.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2028\" data-end=\"2341\"\u003eDescription:\u003cbr data-start=\"2040\" data-end=\"2043\"\u003eIllustrating the November 23–25, 1863 engagements, this composition balances expansive terrain with concentrated troop formations. The spatial recession is constructed through layered tonal shifts rather than photographic blending, with sky and ground passages revealing organic lithographic grain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2343\" data-end=\"2542\"\u003eSequential stone impressions build atmospheric depth, particularly visible in blue-gray fields. The pigment sits into the paper fibers rather than atop them, reinforcing its late 19th-century origin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2544\" data-end=\"2563\"\u003eThe print reflects:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2565\" data-end=\"2718\"\u003ebroad compositional sweep\u003cbr data-start=\"2590\" data-end=\"2593\"\u003eprecise multi-stone pigment layering\u003cbr data-start=\"2629\" data-end=\"2632\"\u003esubtle tonal gradation without screen pattern\u003cbr data-start=\"2677\" data-end=\"2680\"\u003erefined chromolithographic execution\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2720\" data-end=\"2765\"\u003eProvenance:\u003cbr data-start=\"2731\" data-end=\"2734\"\u003eOriginal bound portfolio → VLAF\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"VLAF – Velvet Foundation for the Arts","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47689964912878,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0783\/5847\/9086\/files\/Battle_of_Chattanooga.webp?v=1771789889"},{"product_id":"kurz-and-allison-battle-of-chancellorsville","title":"Kurz and Allison — Battle of Chancellorsville","description":"\u003ch2 data-start=\"2772\" data-end=\"2818\"\u003eKurz \u0026amp; Allison — Battle of Chancellorsville\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2820\" data-end=\"2992\"\u003eDate: 1889 (copyrighted 1889 by Kurz \u0026amp; Allison)\u003cbr data-start=\"2867\" data-end=\"2870\"\u003eMedium: Multi-stone chromolithograph on heavy wove paper\u003cbr data-start=\"2926\" data-end=\"2929\"\u003eImage Size: 20 7\/8 x 14 3\/4 in.\u003cbr data-start=\"2960\" data-end=\"2963\"\u003eSheet Size: 24 x 18 1\/2 in.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2994\" data-end=\"3272\"\u003eDescription:\u003cbr data-start=\"3006\" data-end=\"3009\"\u003eDepicting the May 2–6, 1863 campaign, this work integrates dense foliage, clustered figures, and layered smoke passages to create depth across the picture plane. Tonal modeling is achieved through overlapping pigment applications rather than mechanical screening.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3274\" data-end=\"3492\"\u003eUnder magnification, the darker modeling reveals lithographic crayon texture and distinct stone registration. The heavy sheet retains its matte surface, consistent with 19th-century chromolithographic printing methods.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3494\" data-end=\"3512\"\u003eThe work displays:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3514\" data-end=\"3658\"\u003econtrolled spatial layering\u003cbr data-start=\"3541\" data-end=\"3544\"\u003erich earth-tone pigment construction\u003cbr data-start=\"3580\" data-end=\"3583\"\u003evisible lithographic grain\u003cbr data-start=\"3609\" data-end=\"3612\"\u003ebalanced registration across multiple stones\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3660\" data-end=\"3705\"\u003eProvenance:\u003cbr data-start=\"3671\" data-end=\"3674\"\u003eOriginal bound portfolio → VLAF\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"VLAF – Velvet Foundation for the Arts","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47689966747886,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0783\/5847\/9086\/files\/Battle_of_Changellorsville.webp?v=1771789911"},{"product_id":"kurz-and-allison-battle-between-the-monitor-and-merrimac","title":"Kurz and Allison — Battle Between the Monitor and Merrimac","description":"\u003ch2 data-start=\"3712\" data-end=\"3771\"\u003eKurz \u0026amp; Allison — Battle Between the Monitor and Merrimac\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3773\" data-end=\"3945\"\u003eDate: 1889 (copyrighted 1889 by Kurz \u0026amp; Allison)\u003cbr data-start=\"3820\" data-end=\"3823\"\u003eMedium: Multi-stone chromolithograph on heavy wove paper\u003cbr data-start=\"3879\" data-end=\"3882\"\u003eImage Size: 20 7\/8 x 14 3\/4 in.\u003cbr data-start=\"3913\" data-end=\"3916\"\u003eSheet Size: 24 x 18 1\/2 in.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3947\" data-end=\"4203\"\u003eDescription:\u003cbr data-start=\"3959\" data-end=\"3962\"\u003eThis naval engagement scene, fought March 9, 1862 at Hampton Roads, emphasizes horizontal movement across expansive water passages. Atmospheric effects are constructed through layered blue-gray stone impressions rather than halftone process.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4205\" data-end=\"4433\"\u003eWater and sky fields show organic tonal variation and overlapping pigment passes, confirming traditional chromolithographic technique. The surface remains matte and fiber-integrated, consistent with late 19th-century production.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4435\" data-end=\"4454\"\u003eThe print embodies:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4456\" data-end=\"4628\"\u003eexpansive maritime composition\u003cbr data-start=\"4486\" data-end=\"4489\"\u003elayered tonal blending\u003cbr data-start=\"4511\" data-end=\"4514\"\u003eclear multi-stone registration\u003cbr data-start=\"4544\" data-end=\"4547\"\u003eindustrial-era naval imagery rendered with painterly chromolithographic texture\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4630\" data-end=\"4675\"\u003eProvenance:\u003cbr data-start=\"4641\" data-end=\"4644\"\u003eOriginal bound portfolio → VLAF\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"VLAF – Velvet Foundation for the Arts","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47689969041646,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0783\/5847\/9086\/files\/Battle_Between_Monitor_and_Merrimac.webp?v=1771789936"},{"product_id":"kurz-and-allison-battle-of-missionary-ridge","title":"Kurz and Allison — Battle of Missionary Ridge","description":"\u003ch2 data-start=\"4682\" data-end=\"4728\"\u003eKurz \u0026amp; Allison — Battle of Missionary Ridge\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4730\" data-end=\"4902\"\u003eDate: 1886 (copyrighted 1886 by Kurz \u0026amp; Allison)\u003cbr data-start=\"4777\" data-end=\"4780\"\u003eMedium: Multi-stone chromolithograph on heavy wove paper\u003cbr data-start=\"4836\" data-end=\"4839\"\u003eImage Size: 20 7\/8 x 14 3\/4 in.\u003cbr data-start=\"4870\" data-end=\"4873\"\u003eSheet Size: 24 x 18 1\/2 in.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4904\" data-end=\"5158\"\u003eDescription:\u003cbr data-start=\"4916\" data-end=\"4919\"\u003eDepicting the November 25, 1863 engagement, this early series example demonstrates strong terrain modeling and structured troop placement across a rising compositional field. The tonal recession is achieved through successive stone passes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5160\" data-end=\"5359\"\u003ePigment layering is visible in uniform and earth passages, revealing careful registration rather than screened reproduction. The heavy paper absorbs color deeply, reinforcing its 19th-century origin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5361\" data-end=\"5383\"\u003eThe work demonstrates:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5385\" data-end=\"5521\"\u003eclear compositional structure\u003cbr data-start=\"5414\" data-end=\"5417\"\u003econtrolled tonal gradation\u003cbr data-start=\"5443\" data-end=\"5446\"\u003edistinct lithographic surface grain\u003cbr data-start=\"5481\" data-end=\"5484\"\u003eprecise multi-stone color alignment\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5523\" data-end=\"5568\"\u003eProvenance:\u003cbr data-start=\"5534\" data-end=\"5537\"\u003eOriginal bound portfolio → VLAF\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"VLAF – Velvet Foundation for the Arts","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47689971204334,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0783\/5847\/9086\/files\/Battle_of_Missionary_Ridge.webp?v=1771789723"},{"product_id":"kurz-and-allison-battle-of-spotsylvania","title":"Kurz and Allison — Battle of Spotsylvania","description":"\u003ch2 data-start=\"5575\" data-end=\"5617\"\u003eKurz \u0026amp; Allison — Battle of Spotsylvania\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5619\" data-end=\"5791\"\u003eDate: 1888 (copyrighted 1888 by Kurz \u0026amp; Allison)\u003cbr data-start=\"5666\" data-end=\"5669\"\u003eMedium: Multi-stone chromolithograph on heavy wove paper\u003cbr data-start=\"5725\" data-end=\"5728\"\u003eImage Size: 20 7\/8 x 14 3\/4 in.\u003cbr data-start=\"5759\" data-end=\"5762\"\u003eSheet Size: 24 x 18 1\/2 in.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"5793\" data-end=\"6014\"\u003eDescription:\u003cbr data-start=\"5805\" data-end=\"5808\"\u003eRepresenting the May 8–18, 1864 engagements, this composition integrates forested terrain with concentrated mid-field action. Layered foliage and earth tones are built through overlapping stone impressions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6016\" data-end=\"6209\"\u003eThe absence of dot screening and the presence of lithographic crayon modeling confirm traditional chromolithographic production. The pigment remains matte and integrated into the paper surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6211\" data-end=\"6229\"\u003eThe print reveals:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6231\" data-end=\"6367\"\u003edense mid-field clustering\u003cbr data-start=\"6257\" data-end=\"6260\"\u003elayered forest modeling\u003cbr data-start=\"6283\" data-end=\"6286\"\u003echromolithographic crayon texture\u003cbr data-start=\"6319\" data-end=\"6322\"\u003eindustrial-scale historical image rendering\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"6369\" data-end=\"6414\"\u003eProvenance:\u003cbr data-start=\"6380\" data-end=\"6383\"\u003eOriginal bound portfolio → VLAF\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"VLAF – Velvet Foundation for the Arts","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47689974120686,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0783\/5847\/9086\/files\/Battle_of_Spottsylvania.webp?v=1771789961"},{"product_id":"kurz-and-allison-battle-of-fredericksburg","title":"Kurz and Allison — Battle of Fredericksburg","description":"\u003ch2 data-start=\"105\" data-end=\"149\"\u003eKurz \u0026amp; Allison — Battle of Fredericksburg\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"151\" data-end=\"432\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"151\" data-end=\"160\"\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1888 (copyrighted 1888 by Kurz \u0026amp; Allison, Art Publishers, Chicago)\u003cbr data-start=\"227\" data-end=\"230\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"230\" data-end=\"241\"\u003eMedium:\u003c\/strong\u003e Multi-stone chromolithograph on heavy wove paper\u003cbr data-start=\"290\" data-end=\"293\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"293\" data-end=\"308\"\u003eImage Size:\u003c\/strong\u003e 20 7\/8 x 14 3\/4 in.\u003cbr data-start=\"328\" data-end=\"331\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"331\" data-end=\"346\"\u003eSheet Size:\u003c\/strong\u003e 24 x 18 1\/2 in.\u003cbr data-start=\"362\" data-end=\"365\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"365\" data-end=\"379\"\u003ePublisher:\u003c\/strong\u003e Kurz \u0026amp; Allison, 76 \u0026amp; 78 Wabash Ave., Chicago, U.S.A.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"434\" data-end=\"818\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"434\" data-end=\"450\"\u003eDescription:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"450\" data-end=\"453\"\u003eThis chromolithograph depicts the December 13, 1862 engagement at Fredericksburg, Virginia. The composition is structured to emphasize depth and elevation, with layered troop formations advancing across a rising field toward fortified positions. The foreground is tightly rendered, while mid- and background passages recede through carefully modulated tonal shifts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"820\" data-end=\"1257\"\u003eColor construction is achieved through multiple lithographic stone impressions, visible in the modeling of uniforms, terrain, and smoke effects. Under magnification, the surface reveals lithographic crayon texture and overlapping pigment passes rather than mechanical halftone screening. The pigment is absorbed into the heavy wove paper, producing a matte, fiber-integrated surface characteristic of late 19th-century chromolithography.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1259\" data-end=\"1323\"\u003eThe print reflects Kurz \u0026amp; Allison’s established visual approach:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1325\" data-end=\"1505\"\u003edramatic panoramic staging\u003cbr data-start=\"1351\" data-end=\"1354\"\u003edensely layered figure groupings\u003cbr data-start=\"1386\" data-end=\"1389\"\u003ecareful multi-stone color registration\u003cbr data-start=\"1427\" data-end=\"1430\"\u003eindustrial-scale historical imagery executed with painterly surface depth\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1507\" data-end=\"1601\"\u003eOriginally issued as part of the late 19th-century bound portfolio of Civil War battle scenes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1603\" data-end=\"1699\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1603\" data-end=\"1618\"\u003eProvenance:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1618\" data-end=\"1621\"\u003eOriginal bound portfolio (1880s–1890s) → Velvet Foundation for the Arts (VLAF)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"VLAF – Velvet Foundation for the Arts","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47689982247150,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0783\/5847\/9086\/files\/Battle_of_Fredericksburg.webp?v=1771789996"}],"url":"https:\/\/vlaf.org\/collections\/kurz-and-allison.oembed","provider":"VLAF – Velvet Foundation for the Arts","version":"1.0","type":"link"}